CODING INTERVIEW SERIES – PART 2Let's continue our Coding Interview Series. In Part 1, we covered the basic programming concepts. Today, let's explore 10 important interview questions about variables, data types, and operators.
1. What is the difference between a variable and a constant?• Variable: A named storage location whose value can change during program execution.
• Constant: A value that should not change once defined.
Example (Python):
age = 25
age = 30
PI = 3.14159
Here,
age changes, while
PI is conventionally treated as a constant.
2. What are primitive data types?Primitive data types are the basic types used to represent simple values.
Common examples include:
• Integer
• Float
• Character
• Boolean
The exact primitive types depend on the programming language.
3. What is the difference between Integer and Float?• Integer: Stores whole numbers without decimal points.
• Float: Stores numbers with decimal points.
Example:
age = 25
price = 99.99
4. What is Type Casting?Type casting is the process of converting a value from one data type to another.
Example:
num = "100"
result = int(num)
print(result)
Output:
100
5. What is the difference between Implicit and Explicit Type Conversion?• Implicit conversion: Automatically performed by the programming language.
• Explicit conversion: Manually performed by the programmer.
Example:
# Implicit
a = 10
b = 2.5
c = a + b
# Explicit
x = int(10.8)
6. What are Arithmetic Operators?Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations.
+----------+----------------+
| Operator | Operation |
+----------+----------------+
| `+` | Addition |
| `-` | Subtraction |
| `*` | Multiplication |
| `/` | Division |
| `%` | Modulus |
| `//` | Floor division |
| `**` | Exponentiation |
+----------+----------------+
7. What is the difference between = and ==?•
= is an assignment operator used to assign a value.
•
== is a comparison operator used to check whether two values are equal.
Example:
x = 10
print(x == 10)
Output:
True
8. What are Logical Operators?Logical operators are used to combine or modify conditional expressions.
Three common logical operators:
• AND – True if both conditions are true.
• OR – True if at least one condition is true.
• NOT – Reverses the Boolean result.
Example:
age = 25
print(age > 18 and age < 60)
Output:
True
9. What is the Modulus Operator (%)?The modulus operator returns the remainder after division.
Example:
print(10 % 3)
Output:
1
It is commonly used to check whether a number is even or odd.
10. How do you swap two variables without using a third variable?In Python, you can use tuple unpacking.
a = 10
b = 20
a, b = b, a
print(a, b)
Output:
20 10
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